Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
From thorn scrub to evergreen rainforest, India's plant and animal life follows climate and relief. Chapter 5 of the NCERT Class 9 Geography textbook, Contemporary India Part One, surveys tropical evergreen, deciduous, thorn, montane and mangrove forests, their distribution and uses, and the rich fauna from elephants and tigers to birds and reptiles. It explains why forests shrink through clearing and demand, and how sanctuaries, national parks and Project Tiger protect the living heritage.
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