Drainage
Rivers drain India's landscapes from the Himalayas to the sea. Chapter 3 of the NCERT Class 9 Geography textbook, Contemporary India Part One, maps the Himalayan rivers of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems alongside the peninsular rivers such as the Godavari, Krishna, Narmada and Tapi. It explains basins, watersheds, perennial and seasonal flow, lakes from Wular to Chilika, and how pollution, dams and demand strain rivers, underlining conservation and river health.
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