Magnetism and Matter
NCERT Class 12 Physics, Part I, Chapter 5 compares a bar magnet with a solenoid and maps field lines, axial and equatorial fields, and torque on a dipole in a uniform field. It then turns to the Earth: declination, inclination and the elements of terrestrial magnetism with the idea of a magnetic meridian. The chapter closes by classifying materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic, relating susceptibility and permeability to atomic dipoles and domains, and noting permanent magnets and electromagnets.
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