Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
NCERT Class 12 Physics, Part I, Chapter 2 defines electric potential and potential difference, linking them to work done and equipotential surfaces around charges and dipoles. It derives the potential energy of charge systems and of a dipole in a uniform field. The second half introduces the capacitor: parallel plate capacitance, series and parallel combinations, energy stored in the field, and the effect of dielectric slabs on capacitance and field, showing why capacitors are essential elements in circuits.
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