Atoms
A thin gold foil scattered alpha particles and overturned the plum pudding atom. Chapter 12, Atoms, of the NCERT Physics textbook for Class 12 tells that story. You will study Rutherford's scattering experiment with the distance of closest approach, the Bohr model with quantised orbits, and energy levels of hydrogen with emission and absorption spectra. The Rydberg relation organises spectral lines into series, and de Broglie's reasoning justifies Bohr's quantisation, linking the atom with quantum ideas.
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