The Origin and Evolution of the Earth
NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class 11, Chapter 2 tells how Earth began as part of a cooling solar system some four and a half billion years ago. It outlines the Big Bang, the birth of stars and planets, the layering of core, mantle, and crust, and the arrival of atmosphere and oceans. The chapter traces life from tiny marine forms to land plants and animals, ending with humans. Timelines of eras help readers grasp the vast scale behind familiar rocks and fossils.
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