Interior of the Earth
NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class 11, Chapter 3 journeys beneath our feet using earthquake waves, mines, and meteorites as evidence. It layers the planet into the thin rocky crust, the hot flowing mantle, and the dense iron nickel core, pausing at boundaries scientists found by watching waves bend and bounce. The chapter explains temperature, pressure, and density with depth and shows how this hidden structure drives volcanoes, quakes, and drifting plates. Cross section diagrams turn invisible depths into a clear, readable picture.
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