Structure and Physiography
NCERT India Physical Environment, Class 11, Chapter 2 divides India into the soaring Himalayas, the flat northern plains, the ancient peninsular plateau, deserts, coastal strips, and far flung islands. It explains how tectonic collision folded the northern ranges while old Gondwana rocks shaped the southern tableland, and how rivers spread silt across the plains. The chapter links each division to soil, settlement, and livelihood, giving readers a clear physical map on which all later Indian geography rests.
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