Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature
NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class 11, Chapter 9 tracks sunlight from arrival to escape as heat. It explains insolation, why the equator gains more than the poles, how clouds and surfaces reflect energy, and how Earth balances incoming and outgoing radiation. The chapter maps January and July temperatures, explores lapse rate and inversion, and links latitude, altitude, and distance from the sea to local climate. Readers finish able to connect the Sun overhead with the weather outside their window.
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