Biodiversity and Conservation
NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class 11, Chapter 16 introduces biodiversity as the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems that keeps Earth living and resilient. It maps hotspots, explains how habitat loss, hunting, and pollution push plants and animals toward extinction, and recalls conservation movements and protected areas like national parks and biosphere reserves. The chapter compares protection in natural habitats with zoos, gardens, and seed banks, urging sustainable use so forests, wetlands, and wildlife survive alongside growing human needs.
Try a free lesson