Plant Kingdom
Algae in ponds and neem trees on roadsides belong to one vast kingdom. This chapter in NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 3, classifies plants into algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms using thallus organisation, vascular tissue, seeds and flowers. It explains alternation of generations, compares mosses, ferns, pines and flowering plants, and notes economic and ecological value. You will learn life cycles, dominant phases, and why seeds and vessels mark major steps in plant evolution.
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