Biological Classification
For centuries living things were grouped simply as plants or animals, but microbes blurred that picture. This chapter in NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 2, explains why five kingdoms replaced the older two-kingdom system and how Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia are distinguished. It introduces viruses, viroids, prions and lichens, and surveys bacteria, archaea, protists and fungi with their nutrition and reproduction. You will learn the characters taxonomists use and why classification keeps changing with new evidence.
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