Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Each breath links the air outside to cells deep inside. This chapter in NCERT Class 11 Biology, Chapter 14, explains the airways, lungs, pleura and diaphragm, the mechanism of breathing, lung volumes and capacities, and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli and tissues. It covers transport of gases by blood, oxygen dissociation, carbon dioxide carriage and neural and chemical regulation of rhythm. You will learn why mountain air feels thin and how asthma, emphysema and occupational lung disorders restrict breathing.
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