Through the Eyes of Travellers

NCERT Themes in Indian History for Class 12, Part II, Theme 5 reads medieval India through the eyes of travellers from the tenth to the seventeenth century. It follows Al-Biruni on law and science, Ibn Battuta on markets and courts, and Bernier on Mughal towns and peasants. It asks how language barriers, court patronage and home comparisons coloured their observations. It pairs their narratives with inscriptions and architecture. It teaches critical reading of outsider accounts to understand society, gender and urban life.

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