An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara

NCERT Themes in Indian History, Part II, Class 12, Chapter 7 walks through Vijayanagara, the imperial capital on the Tungabhadra now seen at Hampi. It traces Harihara and Bukka foundation, Krishnadeva Raya golden age, nayaka chiefs, and bustling bazaars trading horses, spices, and textiles. It describes Virupaksha and Vitthala temples, palace gateways, tanks, and canals watering fields. It uses Domingo Paes accounts, inscriptions, and Colin Mackenzie surveys to rebuild court ritual and city life.

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