Paths to Modernisation
NCERT Themes in World History, Class 11, Chapter 7 compares modernisation in Japan and China from the late nineteenth century. It traces the Meiji restoration, railways, mills, schools, and a strong state that made Japan an industrial power, then follows the fall of the Qing, Sun Yat sen republic, and the Communist rise under Mao with land reform and planned growth. It debates whether modernity means copying the West or finding distinct national paths to prosperity and strength.
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