Human Settlements
NCERT India People and Economy, Class 12, Chapter 2 classifies human settlements of India into rural and urban forms. It describes clustered, semi clustered, hamleted, and dispersed villages shaped by water, land, and kinship, then defines census towns, statutory towns, cities, million cities, urban agglomerations and conurbations. It presents functional types such as administrative, industrial, transport, mining, garrison, religious, and educational towns. It shows how migration and jobs drive urbanisation and reshape surrounding villages.
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