Human Development
NCERT Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class 12, Chapter 3 introduces human development as enlarging choices for a healthy, educated, and decent life. It credits Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and explains the United Nations Development Programme index built on life expectancy, schooling, and income. It compares very high, high, medium, and low achievers across countries and Indian states. It contrasts income, welfare, basic needs, and capability approaches and stresses equity, sustainability, productivity, and empowerment.
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