Universal Franchise and India's Electoral System
Every adult Indian citizen can vote, a bold promise kept since 1950. This chapter of the NCERT Class 8 Social Science textbook explains universal adult franchise, the Election Commission's independence, and how general and state elections run: electoral rolls, constituencies, symbols, electronic voting machines, counting and results. It covers free and fair safeguards such as the model code of conduct, reserved constituencies, and voter awareness, showing how regular elections make governments accountable to the people.
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