The Rise of Empires
From small kingdoms called mahajanapadas, India saw its first great empires more than two thousand years ago. This chapter of the NCERT Class 7 Social Science textbook traces that rise: the Magadha kingdom, Alexander's brief incursion, the Mauryan Empire of Chandragupta and Ashoka with its edicts and administration, and later the Kushanas and Satavahanas. It explains how armies, roads, taxes and officials held vast territories together, and how trade, Buddhism and Jainism spread ideas across the subcontinent and beyond.
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