The Constitution of India
India is governed by the Constitution adopted in 1949 and in force since 26 January 1950. This chapter of the NCERT Class 7 Social Science textbook introduces how the Constituent Assembly framed it, and the values of its Preamble: justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. It explains fundamental rights and duties, the separation of powers among legislature, executive and judiciary, and features such as federalism, parliamentary government and single citizenship. Simple examples show how the Constitution protects every citizen and guides everyday laws.
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