Agriculture
This chapter of the NCERT Class 10 Contemporary India II textbook, Chapter 4, surveys farming as the mainstay of the Indian economy. It distinguishes subsistence, intensive, commercial and plantation farming, and explains the rabi, kharif and zaid cropping seasons with major crops such as rice, wheat, millets, pulses, sugarcane and cotton. It discusses soils, rainfall and irrigation, the role of technology and high yielding seeds, institutional reforms including land ceilings and consolidation, and the need for diversification and food security.
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