The End of Bipolarity
The sudden collapse of Soviet power ended the Cold War order almost overnight, and NCERT Contemporary World Politics, Chapter 2, explains how. It describes Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost, the economic stagnation of the Soviet system, the fall of communist regimes across Eastern Europe, and the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The chapter analyses why the second superpower disintegrated, what shock therapy meant for Russia and its neighbours, and how the new unipolar world raised fresh questions about American dominance.
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