Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Your child will master carbonyl chemistry behind fragrances, vinegar and plastics. This chapter usually fetches about eight marks, often a distinction-test plus preparation or conversion question. Learners study structure with naming, preparation by oxidation and ozonolysis, characteristic nucleophilic addition reactions, aldol condensation with Cannizzaro reaction, Tollens with Fehling tests, and acid strength with derivatives like esters and amides. Three slips repeat. Students confuse Tollens positives with Fehling positives. They apply Cannizzaro to aldehydes carrying alpha hydrogen. They
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