Chemical Thermodynamics
Why does ice melt on a warm day without being pushed, and why do some reactions release heat while others absorb it. This chapter in NCERT Class 11 Chemistry, Chapter 5, introduces thermodynamics through system and surroundings, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. It explains the first law with Hess law as its direct application, enthalpies of formation and combustion, and how free energy decides whether a process is spontaneous. You will learn to calculate energy changes and to judge feasibility from temperature, enthalpy and entropy together.
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