Biodiversity and Conservation
Millions of species share the planet, yet many face rapid loss. This chapter in NCERT Class 12 Biology, Chapter 13, measures biodiversity at genetic, species and ecosystem levels, maps global patterns and hotspots, and explains causes of loss from habitat destruction to invasion and overuse. It compares in situ protection in sanctuaries and parks with ex situ care in zoos, gardens and seed banks. You will learn why diversity stabilises ecosystems and what international and national efforts aim to save.
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